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How to quote references with Harvard References

This page rotates how to fulfill different types of references using the Harvard Referencing method.

quotes, paraphrases and summaries

Reproduce the text word for word and specify quotes at the beginning and end of the offer. The author, date and the page number must be recorded.

"Australia is a settler company" (Hudson and Bolton 1997, p. 9).

Repeat the original words / ideas in your own words. The author, date and page number (S) must be recorded.

Wartime textile rationing was imposed by a coupon system, which meant that garments now had two costs: their value in currency units and in coupons (McKernan 1995, p. 152)

You do not need to include page numbers because it is all the work you relate to:

Larsen and Greene (1989) studied the impact of pollution in three major citizens.

An author who assigns information to another source

In-text quotes

You must confirm both sources in your text:

Graham Gibbs, written in his study of 1981 into the student learners, "because the students are aware of the tutor's tutor, it is common that they assume that their reader has no needs at all" (Gibbs 1981 , P. 39, cited in Bowden & Marton 1998, p. 35).

References

Make a note of the book you actually related:

Bowden, J & Marton F 1998, the University of Learning, Kogan page, London.

Several authors

one to three authors:

In-text quotes

Insert both names in the order in which they appear on the title page:

(Gersster & Basset 1987) or:

Gerster and Basset (1987) claim that.

References

gerson, r & basset, J 1991, sequences of youth: the sixties and Australia, Hyland House, Melbourne.

more than three authors:

In-text quotes

Use the last name of the first author and et al. ('and others') in the text:

charede et al. (1996, p. 78) argues. or :

(Leeder et al., 1996)

References

Do not use et al in the list of references. List all authors in the order in which they appear on the front page.

LEEDER, SR, DOBSON, AJ, GIBBERS, RW, PATEL, NK, MATTHEWS, PS, WILLIAMS DW & MARIOT, DL 1996, The Australian film industry, Dominion Press, Adelaide.

a work that reproduces in a publishing picture, poem, painting, etc., etc.

In-text quotes

Note the work in the text, then you contain book author, date and page number:

de kooning 1952 paintings "woman and bicycle" (Hughes 1980, p. 295) is an example of. '

References

List the publication that contains the image:

Hughes, R 1980, the shock of the new: art and century of changing , British broadcasters, London.

more than one work of the same author

In-text quotes

Arrangement of quotes in chronological order:

(Smith 1981, 1984, 1985)

References

Each source requires a separate reference list entry.

Part of a publication operated by another as the main author with the main author, a preface, introduction, preface etc.

In-text quotes

Drabble (in Bronte 1978) suggests.

References

Specify the details of the publication with which the contribution is made:

Bronte, E 1978, Wuthering Heights and Poems , H Osborne (Ed.), Orion Publishing Group, London. Introduction of Margaret Drable.

An author who has published more than one job in the same year

In-text quotes

Attaching an A, B, C, D etc. After the year:

Dawkins (1972A, 1972 B) completed a series of studies.

References

Each source requires a separate reference list entry.

to refer to more than one work

In-text quotes

Disconnect the references either with a semicolon or the word and

(outline 1977; Haddon 1969) or:

Outline (1977) and Haddon (1969) showed both.

References

Each source requires a separate reference list entry.

to relate to authors with the same surname published in the same year

In-text quotes

Use your initials to display different people:

The theory was first developed early in this century (Smith, A K 1979), but later many of his elements were refuted (Smith, J A 1979).

References

Each source requires a separate reference list entry.

Find more information

The material in this manual is based on the 6th edition of the regeneration file manual:

style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th EDN, revised from Snooks & Co., AGPS, Canberra.

For more detailed information and examples, we recommend consulting this source, in particular Chapter 12 (p. ). Copies of this style manual are available for the loan in the UNW library.

Many faculties and schools with ours have style manuals that specify how the referencing should be done for tasks. If you are not sure, you will be with you about which method should be used.

It is impossible to accommodate each reference format in this manual. If you need to refer to information for a format listed here, you are looking for further support from:

• your lecturer or tutor
• a harvard reference ring website (try a website)
• or a style manual. Style manuals for different citation systems are available in the UNW library.

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